Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic exposed profound structural vulnerabilities in global pharmaceutical supply chains, highlighting the strategic importance of supply chain sovereignty in ensuring access to essential medicines and medical products. Modern pharmaceutical supply networks are highly globalized, relying on complex multi-tiered systems of raw material procurement, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) [...]

Abstract Cognitive enhancement drugs, often referred to as “nootropics” or “smart drugs,” have emerged as a significant area of interest within neuroscience, pharmacology, and bioethics. Originally developed for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, these pharmacological agents are increasingly used by healthy individuals seeking to improve cognitive functions such [...]

Abstract The paradigm of pharmacotherapy is undergoing a profound transformation as medicine transitions from population-based treatment models to individualized therapeutic strategies. Precision pharmacotherapy represents an emerging clinical framework that integrates pharmacogenomics, molecular biomarkers, and digital health technologies to optimize drug therapy for individual patients. Variability in drug response remains a [...]