Abstract Rapid advances in biotechnology, genomics, and precision medicine have transformed the pharmaceutical innovation landscape, creating unprecedented opportunities for developing novel therapies such as gene therapies, cell-based treatments, RNA therapeutics, and personalized medicines. However, these scientific breakthroughs challenge traditional drug regulatory frameworks that were designed for conventional small-molecule pharmaceuticals. In [...]

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic exposed profound structural vulnerabilities in global pharmaceutical supply chains, highlighting the strategic importance of supply chain sovereignty in ensuring access to essential medicines and medical products. Modern pharmaceutical supply networks are highly globalized, relying on complex multi-tiered systems of raw material procurement, active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) [...]

Abstract Cognitive enhancement drugs, often referred to as “nootropics” or “smart drugs,” have emerged as a significant area of interest within neuroscience, pharmacology, and bioethics. Originally developed for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, these pharmacological agents are increasingly used by healthy individuals seeking to improve cognitive functions such [...]